Determining the Accounting for Receivables from Officers and Directors Essay

Philadelphia Communications Inc. (â€Å"Philly†) is a public company that completed an initial public offering (IPO) a few months ago. John Sigar is the current CEO and member of the board of directors. He is the only family member involved in the business and owns significant amount of the company’s stock. While, we were doing audit testing for accounts receivable we came across number of Notes Receivable from several Mr Sigar’s cousins. They have taken advances frequently but never failed to pay when they came due. The notes are secured by shares of Philly’s convertible preferred stock, which were purchased by the family members following IPO. The receivable support provided by the client doesn’t specify interest payment terms for these notes. During our preparation to test accounts receivable we reviewed the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codifications (ASC) and identified special presentation and disclosure requirements for these sorts of receivables. We also reviewed above described situation from International Financial Reporting Standards’ (IFRS) standpoint. When determining the accounting for receivables from officers and directors, special treatment of these cases must be accorded. The case for Philly refers to related parties transactions, which would require special disclosure in the financial reports. The receivables that is provided by Philadelphia Communications Inc. does not give specification concerning both the terms of payment and the interest payable on these notes. Testing for Accounts Receivable in Philly Case. According to Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) codifications, there are a number of codification references that are applicable to the Philly case. One applicable reference is FASB ASC 850-10-50-1 on related party transactions. The FASB code 850 discusses the disclosures that are required to be made concerning related parties. This reference provides the legal and applicable definition of what related party transaction entails. This reference also outlines the disclosure that is required to be made. One of the disclosures is the nature of the involved relationship. The description of the transaction including the dollar amounts, period of transaction, amounts due, and the due date must be disclosed. Disclosing transactions in financial statements that were eliminated while preparing consolidated financial statements is not mandatory. FASB ASC 850-10-50-2 is another codification reference that is applicable to this case. This reference discusses the notes and accounts receivables. This is the principal and direct reference that relates to the Philly case in question. The notes and accounts receivable mentioned under this codification reference are particular to the employees, officers or other entities that are affiliated to the company. For the case of Philly, notes are transacted between Philadelphia Communications Inc. CEO and the cousins. FASB ASC 850-10-50-2 requires notes or accounts receivable from related parties to be separately shown. Any effects that arise from a change in method of determining the terms of transaction from the previous period must be disclosed. It states that this transaction should not be included under notes and accounts receivable general heading. Philadelphia Communications Inc. October 19, 2013 Page 2 Another applicable reference is FASB ASC 850-10-15-2. This codification reference stresses on the requirement that the guidelines on disclosure for related parties is applicable to all entities. It does not matter if it is a private entity or public company like in this case. The financial reports must provide disclosure for the transactions. FASB ASC 850-10-50-5 discusses issue concerning disclosure of transactions that occur at an arm’s length base. This reference states that it cannot be presumed that related parties’ transaction are undertaken on an arm’s length basis. This is because the market conditions that competitive and free might not exist. This describes the relationship evident in the case of Philly’s transaction with the CEO’s cousins. Any form of representations concerning CEO’s cousins and Philadelphia Communications Inc. does not mean that, the transactions were executed on terms applicable at arm’s length. It can only be presumed so if and only if the representations of the transactions can be substantiated. The company management should supply more additional information concerning the notes and receivable concerning related parties for further clarifications. The management should provide the names of the parties issued with the notes that are secured by convertible preferred stock purchased by family members. This is per the requirement of FASB ASC 850-10-50-4. The management should also provide information concerning related parties transactions to help in comparison of financial results with the past. The payments terms and the interest accruing to such notes and receivables should be specified and provided by Philly. IFRSs Standpoint. The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) also recognises related party transactions. This is given as per the explanation under IFRS International Accounting Standards (IAS) 24. It describes a related party as involving an entity that is heavily influenced by a person transacting with a close family member. The Member of the family transacting with the entity must have significant influence on the person by the one having ownership in the company. For this case, the cousins have significant influence on the CEO of the company thus establishing a related party relationship. IFRS IAS 24 requires the firm to make certain disclosures. It requires that the total amount involved, and the nature of the transaction be disclosed in the financial statements. The outstanding amounts should also be revealed stating the terms and all conditions relating securing and settling of the notes and receivables. The disclosures should also include information regarding the guarantees made. The IFRS also demands that any provision made for doubtful debts arising from this transaction should be disclosed. Conclusion The Philadelphia Communications Inc. in its operation, have related party transactions. These transactions involve the issuance of notes to close relatives of the CEO of the company. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) requires that activities must be disclosed. The Philadelphia Communications Inc. October 19, 2013 Page 3 FASB has well explained the information that the management should consider when presenting their financial statements. The management should also improve its operations and provide further data concerning the parties they are regularly trading. Adoption of the FASB and IFRSs will ensure that all financial statements are truly and fairly presented. References FASB. Related Party Disclosures. Retrieved from Accounting Standards Codification: https://asc. fasb. org IASB. Related party disclosures. Retrieved from IFRS: http://www. ifrs. org

Analysis of Wilfred Owen’s Poetry

Hieroglyphs of an unappreciated inspiration; the mirrors of the gigantic shadows which futurity casts upon the present; the words which express what they understand not; the trumpets which sing to battle, and feel not what they Inspire; the Influence which Is moved not, but moves. Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world. † (Percy Abysses Shelley) It seems that even though Wilfred Owen was not alive until many years after this quote that he embodied this quote about poets and their poetry.Poetry throughout the ages has been one literary device that has neither changed nor conformed to the whims of society. Poetry has been a device to recount history, express emotion and bring about change; thus poets being agents of change. Wilfred Owen, a brilliant poet was amongst those who initiated anti-war writing amidst a country being fed propaganda. Owen brought attention to the harsh realities of war, rather than perpetuating societies' ignorant delusions that war was hero ic and adventurous. Owen was resolved to edify England on the actualities of war.By writing poetry that denied England's teachings of noble warfare, Owen set an unprecedented example of exposing repressed truth to the public. Two of his most distinguished works, â€Å"Dulcet et Decorum est.† and â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† will be analyses alongside Owens Life to prove the validity of this statement. The way In which Wilfred Owen was brought up was integral to his phenomenal poetry. He was birthed in the year 1893 in England and was a devout Christian throughout his years of boyhood. On October 21st 191 5, Owen enlisted into the army and nearly a year later was commissioned as a second lieutenant.Owen had been born into England at a time where war was what men did for adventure, it was honorable, a transition room boyhood to manhood some might have called it. What Owen witnessed was anything but what was advertised by his country and felt deeply betrayed and deceive d. Owen suffered through a series of traumatic events such as falling Into a shell-hole and sustaining concussion and also blown Into the air by a trench mortar that left him Incapacitated on an embankment beside the remains of another officer. This led to Owen being diagnosed with shell shock and post- traumatic stress disorder.To overcome the PATS Owen suffered, he was encouraged by Siegfried Swanson to write about the horrors of war. Owen, haunted by his own memories dedicated his writing on the pure physical, moral and psychological horrors of war, not to commemorate the subject but to educate and warn those that were full with propaganda influenced beliefs. Owen bravely defied the socio-cultural context he was brought up in and stood in contrast to the public perception of what war was in order to stop the travail of future soldiers.Owens Christian beliefs and what he witnessed during the war lent to the brilliance of one of his poems that sought to change society view on war. â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth,† solemnly discusses the death of a young soldier and contrasts a normal funeral to the send -off that people who died fighting receive. Owen shows his Dallas for the treatment of soldiers Immediately through the title. The word Anthem suggests a celebratory song, In relation to the words Doomed Youth it is evident that Owen believes the deaths of amortized by commemoration.Owen structures his poem very similar to a sonnet with iambic pentameter; having 14 lines and mostly abides by the 10 syllable per line. In order to create effect, Owen occasionally strays from the 10 syllable line by ongoing over at some points and under at others. In combination with the unusual rhyming scheme the poem contains, the reader is set on edge and made to feel uncomfortable. Owen incorporates language that identifies the time period in which he lived, words such as â€Å"orisons,† â€Å"shires,† and â€Å"pallor† are indicative of this.A sense of instability is constructed through Owens use of alliteration and vivid aesthetics; the lines â€Å"rifles' rapid rattle† and â€Å"demented choirs of wailing shells† give the reader insight into the chaos of war. By initiating slowly, Owen has allowed the poem to lid Just like war, but begins to end the poem with a slower pace with the line â€Å"And each slow dusk, a drawing down of blinds,† this being significant to the death of the soldier and his last heartbeats. Owen constructs images of religion and contrasts them with descriptions of war and death.Juxtaposing the tolling of bells with gunshots and death, Owen has effectively placed the reader in divine warfare. The overarching message is that Owen believed that soldiers did not receive a proper and respectful burial. Owen was wholly unsatisfied with how the deaths of young oldie's were celebrated in public, rather than mourned. â€Å"Dulcet et decorum est. pro patria mort,† it is sweet and fitt ing to die for one's country, the final line of possibly the most significant of Owens works. Dulcet et Decorum est.,† allied itself with anti- war thinking and promoters, thus becoming extremely popular and influential on society. â€Å"Dulcet et Decorum est.† describes the story of an English soldier whose squadron was attacked by the enemy and the soldier watches a fellow veteran die violently. Through Owens creative genius the reader of â€Å"Dulcet et Decorum est.† is blew to witness how the soldier is endlessly haunted by the death and bombarded by nightmares. Towards the end of the poem, the soldier queries how his country can support and promote such despair and anguish.Owen portrays his belief that his country should stop endorsing war, he was of the opinion that no one should ever have to undergo the horrors he had witnessed. Owen promotes this idea through the last stanza of his poem. The narrator speaks to the reader and tells them that had they witne ssed what he had, they would not be willing to die for their country in what was called an honorable way. To place the reader into a context of war, Owen uses intense imagery such as the line, â€Å"Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues† and also incorporates the use of similes, â€Å"as under a green sea I saw him drowning. Owen has effectively created a feeling of discomfort and angst by incorporating techniques such as simile, metaphor and extremely vivid aesthetics. Owen sets the scene and describes the soldiers as being â€Å"bent double, like old beggars under sacks,† this depicts the dissatisfaction Owen had with war. The famous poet highlights one of society's main faults: the glorification of war. He does this by combining elements of poetry in a frightening manner, such as the combination of slow lines, followed by â€Å"Gas! GAS! Quick boys! By straying from the structure of the iambic pentameter occasionally, Owen puts emphasis on particular lines pertaining to the nightmares of the soldier, â€Å"In all my dreams, before me helpless sight/ He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. † Owen adds authority to his text by Latin phrase Dulcet et decorum est. pro patria moor from an ancient text, Owen has effectively shown that society continues to perpetuate the idea that war is honorable. As a soldier and as a poet, Owen had the authority to comment on the atrocities of war.By using the literary device of poetry, Owen was able to speak that which was not to be spoken and voiced the thoughts of fallen soldier. His establishment of anti – war ideas allowed society to break free from the constrains of propaganda and come to the realization that war was not glorious, honorable nor adventurous. Regardless of the fact that world – wide change did not come about immediately, Owen was able to set precedent for other authors and organizations. He lit a fire in the depths of passionate hearts and inspired other a nti – war poets such s Mimics Radiation.

Matisse, Kandinsy, Dix, Duchamp, Dali Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Matisse, Kandinsy, Dix, Duchamp, Dali - Essay Example Composition VII is a complex painting on a grand scale. The abstract name suggests how the painter is attempting to draw parallels to musical symphonies. Kandinsy’s close friendship with music composer Schoenberg further bears out this hypothesis. Just as Schoenberg’s music is typified by its atonality, Kandinsy’s work creates a similar mood. This affective mood is achieved through the use of dissonant colors, shapes and object orientations. This very abstract work raises suggestions of chaos and doom. Produced before the break of the First World War, it could be taken as a harbinger of events to unfold. But the underlying message seems to be that destruction is followed by renewal. Invoking Christian symbolism, Kandinsy is perhaps implying the great hope that lies beyond impending apocalypse. In sum, the painting is intriguing and intellectually satisfying. No other painter captured the horrors of war as Otto Dix had done. Based on his first hand experiences dur ing the First World War, Dix produced some of the most vivid, graphic and provocative war sceneries ever. Where it suits him, Dix abstracts the idea of destruction into various manifestations. Though his images belong to what he saw during the Great War, it could equally apply to any war ever fought. This is so because human suffering is a constant across wars of various epochs. As one of the paintings sadly conveys, it is worms which are the real winners in any war. Dix also captured the cultural atmosphere during the inter-war years.

Radical Movements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Radical Movements - Essay Example On the other hand, supporters of radical action believe that it is their participation which influences change: this can be clearly seen in the way in which Martin Luther King and Ella Baker reacted to events in Montgomery: Radical movements are essentially grassroots actions, often involving more direct intervention than there more authoritarian allies, and with the nature of this kind of action comes several questions on the nature of leadership and power within radical movements; whether these movements can be organized and planned, or whether they are essentially spontaneous and dependant upon individual participation, and how radical actions are depicted by the media, and then transplanted upon political movement as a whole. These questions will be studied through the perspectives of the civil rights movement of the 1960s, the labor and union movements of the 1970's and 80's, and the anti-war/globalization movements of the late 90's and early 2000's. ... Civil Rights The civil rights movement of the 1960's had a striking heritage in the campaigns of previous decades, including the radical actions of the 1930's (although the latter was rather taken over by the Communist Party, as in the Scottsboro Affair, due to lack of initiative by the NAACP). However, the previous campaigns had also left a deep split between the idea of strong leadership controlling the action, and the desire for collective control of the movement. The latter movement essentially believed that it was necessary for the oppressed to run their own lives, and this was the best method of obtaining freedom: "Including everyonemeant that the common assumption that poor people had to be led by their social betters was anathema" (Payne, chap 3). The mission of the Highlander Folk School was to teach people to develop themselves, not do their thinking for them. Even in white schools, this was a daring idea; but the real nature of the Highlander was radical civil disobedience. The school broke the segregation laws at the start, having an 'interracial philosophy': Many visitors testified that the experience of egalitarian living in an interracial situation had greater impact on them than the courses and workshops. (Payne, Chap. 3) This radicalisation not only extended to teaching and education, it also enrolled people as voters: a massively important move in the South, where very few black people were registered, and those involved in registering them were shot, injured, and frequently beaten up. The importance of this movement lies in its origins; although the Highlander was one school, it funded grass-roots education systems, until nearly two hundred schools were operating on the Highlander system: They had

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 8

Assignment - Essay Example In healthcare provision, organizational culture determines an organizations performance in regard to the services offered to clients, employee contentment, improvement of services through innovativeness, as well as consistency in service provision facilitated by sound management of the organization’s finances. The safety of patients and the quality of nursing care largely depends on organizational culture. This essay is a critical evaluation of the influence of organizational culture on patient care. It outlines organizational leadership and management, and also analyzes the influence of organizational culture on patients. In order to understand how culture can influence nurses and patient care, it is important to comprehend the role of nurses and their relationship with patients. Nursing involves provision of healthcare to individuals, households, as well as communities in order to improve their health regardless of whether they are unwell or healthy. A nurse plays a significant role in advocating for environmental safety, research in regard to health care as well as participation in the formulation of policies on healthcare and healthcare facilities. Educating the public in regard to safe living and prevention of diseases are also major roles of nurses. They play a significant role in helping people to regain their physical and mental strength. With this understanding, it is clear that drawbacks arising from organizational culture such as lack of enthusiasm amongst nurses due to in-effective leadership, insufficiency of equipment and funds due to poor management of finances, poor relations between n urses and patients amongst others may adversely affect service delivery and the health of patients (Pearson and Entrekin 2001 p 81). However, organizational culture may also have a positive impact on patient care. A culture that generates positive rapport among the organization’s management,

Trucks Load Indicator also known by Electronic load indicator or Axle Research Paper

Trucks Load Indicator also known by Electronic load indicator or Axle load Indicator - Research Paper Example In addition, it is for this reason that several truck companies like Volvo, have embraced the use of axle load indicators in the trucks manufactured by their companies. Those who have been exposed to trucks will attest to the fact that they have axles. The number of the axles, however, varies depending on the truck with some of them having two axles whereas some have close to twelve axles. Overtime various stakeholders realized that there were several instances where the axles installed within the trucks were overloaded, and this always acted as a disadvantage for the truck (Butcher, 2005). To control the problem of weights, the stakeholders, came up with the axle load indicator and since then the original version has been altered with the aim of improving it. It is to this effect that several companies that produce axle load indicators like Airtec Corporation produce axle load indicators with optic switches. Some of the companies also produce axle load indicators, which contain rheostats instead of the normal electric switches. History, however, does not mention the exact individual who came up with the axle load indicator. Therefore, there is the need to appreciate the person because his invention has made handling the trailers much simple. For the axle load indicator to be operational, it has to be installed. It is far reaching to recognize the fact that the production companies have designed the axle load indicators in such a way that any able operator can do the installation (ARO, 2011). For surety reasons, however, there are dealers who deal specifically with the installation of the axle load indicators. The companies that do the production can as well avail their engineers to do the installation though at a cost. The installation, however, can be done through connecting the axle load indicator to the light circuit of the truck. Operationally, the truckload indicator registers some calibrations

My First Time in Olympic Stadium Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My First Time in Olympic Stadium - Essay Example It was autumn that time, and Greece was not yet very cold. Greece was doing better than my country in terms of economy, thus they could afford good players and able to maintain great team. Some of them are AEK, PAOK, PANATHINAIKOS, and my favorite OLIMPIAKOS. OLIMPIAKOS was my favorite because at one time they let one of the best Albanian player played on their team. As I have said earlier, I was working at the factory and my workmates in the factory are fanatics of OLIMPIAKOS. They often watch games at the stadium and they were telling me that it was not easy to watch at stadiums as seats are reserved early to the fans that are members of the soccer team club, and the other seats are expensive. Some of them though are members of OLIMPIAKOS soccer fan club that's why they have the privilege in getting tickets easily. The approaching Championship League then had PANATHINAIKOS and OLIMPIAKOS for Greek teams to match Real Madrid of Spain, and Ajax of Netherlands. It was the first time o f OLIMPIAKOS to reach the elimination finals, while Ajax was the previous champion, and they were to match in the finals. My workmates were going to buy tickets for the championship. However, in order to get them, they have to get 10 tickets at that time, and they were only nine because one of them had planned to watch the game in Spain. I could be the one to replace that one. I was afraid to ask them though as they may reject me. I know they did like me because we talked about soccer a lot but I was an Albanian and Greeks do not hang out with us, only at work. Other people are paying even higher cost just to buy tickets from other people who already got some. I gathered my guts to take chance in asking them. The worst that could happen is that they will reject me and reminded me that I am not like them. These thoughts I gathered based on experiences or what I observed from the Greeks; how they discriminate non-Greeks in store, in the school, coffee shops, restaurants, and in the pu blic offices. Lucky for me, at work I never experienced that from my workmates. However, it was yet to be determined upon that situation. So I asked one of them. Thanasi was the person who was in-charge of the tickets and I approached him. I asked if I could buy the ticket and go with them to watch the game. He asked the consensus of others first and returned to me. He said yes I could go with them. I was the happiest person in the world that time. I loved thanes for that moment, I even hugged him. I could not believe that they accepted me. I was acting like a child; calling up everyone I knew particularly my fellow immigrants, and my family. My mother though was not happy for me as it involved spending money, and she's worried I might got killed in random fights of the fanatics or in stampede - I happen to be one of the good provider in the family so I understood her concern. Eventually I was able to convince her. My little sister was happy for me and she encouraged me to go and sa id that nothing bad will happen. I went with my friends at the boutique where the tickets are being sold. The store was in the center of the town where I used to live, Elefsina, which is one hour drive from the Athens, or from the Olympic stadium were the game was going to held. The store sells souvenirs like shirts, uniforms, toys, and other things with the OLIMPIAKOS symbols: red and white stripes, which are the team’

LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

LAW - Essay Example It is not more than 100 words and focuses solely on defining the reader what the writer is going to talk about. ADR is one of the subjects of discussion, and the writer starts which the explanation of ADR which also includes the definition of the same. After having explained the concept, the writer further dwells into the understanding and the functioning of ADR. He argues the advantages and the disadvantages of ADR. It also involves the study of different types of ADR and their functions with regard to the settlement of the disputes. The writer has given a brief explanation of each and every type of ADR and their different approached towards the settlement of disputes. The writer in the third structure talks about Litigation which is also known as Court Trial. Over here he defines and explains what we really mean by Court trial and how it functions. After having discussed the brief functions of Court Trial, the writer then dwells on the advantages and the disadvantages of Court Tria l. The writer goes deep into the advantages and disadvantages of Court Trial and concludes with the same.Question 2 Question 2 Court Trial and ADR Introduction In Halsey v Milton Keynes General NHS Trust, the Court has the following observation: â€Å"All members of the legal profession who conduct litigation should now consider with their clients whether disputes are suitable for ADR†.... Despite a lot of negativity having been spread about ADR in recent years, the fact remains that ADR is now the most sought after mode of settling disputes and due to its simplicity it has become the major force to reckon with for lawyers. It was held in the case of Halsey v Milton Keynes the following: â€Å"the courts will not refuse costs to a successful party unless it was shown that the successful party acted unreasonably in refusing to agree to ADR. The normal order of costs made to the winning party (costs follow the event – crudely stated â€Å"the winner takes all†) would not apply if the successful party acted unreasonably.† Understanding the point of view given in the above case, it can be inferred that the Courts made it clear that it would not obligatory on the part of the parties to opt for Arbitration; however, in the same proposition Courts do feel that the parties should try their utmost best to opt for ADR in settling the disputes. ADR can be div ided into two types. The first form of ADR is resolving and settling disputes outside the official judicial mechanisms. The second form of ADR is to resolve and settle disputes informal to official judicial mechanisms. It involves the informal tribunals and informal mediation processes as well as formal tribunals and formal mediation processes. Let us discuss the forms of ADR before we move further. ADR consists of the following means: a) Arbitration b) Mediation c) Conciliation d) Negotiation All these forms of ADR are extremely popular within the legal profession. Arbitration is the form of settlement of disputes where the matter is given to an independent party

( A list of choice provided) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

( A list of choice provided) - Essay Example As an organization has no control over the external environment, it becomes extremely essential for it to adapt to its external environment. Hence, the success of an organization depends very much on how well it can handle and adapt to its external environment. One of the main components of the external environment is the cultural environment, along with the social, political, economic and technological environments. The culture of a country plays a significant role in the decision-making of its people, which in turn affects their working habits and their business. According to Geert Hofstede, "culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group from another" ("Cultural environment," p. 105). Culture has an impact on every function of business, from production to designing and marketing of products to human resources management. Hence, success in international business relations almost entirely depends on the negotiators' cultural adaptability and their ability to respect other cultures. Cultural differences among different nations make negotiations highly complicated, confusing and sometimes frustrating. Overlooking religious beliefs, values, attitudes, habits, and routines, and holding cultural preconceptions, biases and prejudices can lead to blunders in cross-cultural negotiations ("Cross-cultural negotiations," 2009). Influence of Religion on International Business Religion, which forms one of the bases of culture, and its philosophies are the main factors that influence the lifestyles, values and beliefs of the people of a country. Religion affects the working habits of the people, their attitude towards work and entrepreneurship. "Religious ethics sometimes affect the cost of doing business in a country" ("An overview," 2004, p. 7). Islam, one of the largest religions in the world, believes in social justice and is strictly against making profits through exploitation. Business should not violate principles of social justice. Hence, giving and earning interest on money is against the principles of Islam. This hinders international business, and international financial firms try to solve this problem by giving and receiving profit-shares instead of interest ("An overview," 2004, p. 7). Buddhism is a religion that is presently practiced mainly in Southeast Asia, China, Korea and Japan. This is a religion that gives utmost importance to spiritual rather than materialistic achievements. Though the religion advocates an ascetic life, Buddhism encourages entrepreneurial activity ("An overview," 2004, p. 7). However, according to Hutanuwatr and Rasbash (1998), from a Buddhist perspective, the very core of globalization process is the globalization of craving, and craving is the root cause of all suffering. As craving becomes globalized, the scale of suffering around the world becomes vastly amplified. Third-world communities that had been self-sufficient until then become consumers of capital-intensive goods and services provided by the transnational corporations, which enhances the standard of living of some while "the majority fall victim to discontent, dependency, and poverty"

Life Cycle Costing Essay Example for Free

Life Cycle Costing Essay It expects the new products to have a life cycle of 3 years and the following costs have been estimated. Particulars| Year 0| Year 1| Year 2| Year 3| Units manufactured and sold| | 25,000| 100,000| 75,000| Price per unit| | ? 90| ? 80| ? 70| Research and Development Costs| ? 850,000| ? 90,000| | -| Production Costs| | | | | Variable cost per unit| | ? 30| ? 25| ? 25| Fixed costs| | ? 500,000| ? 500,000| ? 500,000| Marketing Costs| | | | | Variable cost per unit| | ? 5| ? 4| ? 3| Fixed Cost| | ? 300,000| ? 200,000| ? 200,000| Distribution Cost| | | | | Variable cost per unit| | ? 1| ? 1| ? 1| Fixed Cost| | ? 90,000| ? 190,000| ? 190,000| Customer service cost per unit| | ? 3| ? 2| ? 2| Required to calculate the cost per unit looking at the whole lifecycle and comment on the price to be charged. Question 3 Fjalar AS, a software company developing a new accounting package, â€Å"General Ledger†. The following are the budgeted amounts for General Ledger over a five-year product life cycle: Particulars| Year 1 2| Year 3 to 5| | | One-time set-up Cost| Cost per package| Research Development Cost| ? 240,000| | | Design Cost of process| ? 160,000| | | Production Cost| | ? 100,000| ? 25| Marketing Cost| | ? 0,000| ? 24| Distribution Cost| | ? 50,000| ? 16| Customer service Cost| | ? 80,000| ? 30| For strategic reasons, Fjalar AS have chosen to â€Å"skim the market† by charging higher price to customers eager to try General Ledger when it first comes out, and lower prices to customers who are willing to wait. The projected selling price per package and sales quantity in units is given below: Particulars| Year 3| Year 4| Year 5| Selling price per package| ? 600| ? 480| ? 400| Sales quantity in units| 5,000| 4,000| 2,500| You are required to calculate the life cycle c ost per unit and its operating profit.

Socio-Cultural Influences on Human Sexuality

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Free Essays - Circular Life in When the Legends Die :: When Legends Die Essays

  Circular Life(When The Legends Die)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When the Legends Die, by Hal Borland, is a novel in which traces the life of Tom Black Bull from a young Indian boy to an older, mature adult.   Thus meaning When the Legends Die is a bildungsroman.   A bildungsroman is a novel in which the protagonist from beginning to the end matures, and in a classic bildungsroman, undergoes a spiritual crisis. His life is filled with many obstacles and affected by many people positively and negatively.   Throughout the story he overcomes these obstacles and lives through the people.   His attitude is affected with the presence of the other characters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Soon after the death of Tom’s father, George Black Bull, Tom is left to be the man of the family.   Bessie states to Tom after burying his father, â€Å"‘Now you are the man.’†(29) That one statement has a lot of meaning.   On one hand it means he has to provide for him and his mom.   By hunting for food to help him and his mom stay alive and survive.   Then he has to be able to catch enough to eventually save for winter.   Then, during the winter, his mom dies from sickness.   He brings her up to where his father was buried and buries his mom right next to his father, singing the song for going away.   Bessie was a positive influence to Tom, she had taught him how to live: cook, sing the old songs, and doing things in the old way.   On the other hand she was negative, because everyone else in the story was starting to live in the new ways and adapting to it, while she did not even teach Tom anything about the new ways.   With the lack of his mother now, he has no one to live with, care for, except for himself, but without an adult in his life.   But now he is now forced to choose his own choice and learn from them since he has no one to help him through life.   For his mother, was not only his caretaker but also his teacher and mentor for living in the old ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Soon after living alone for a while on the mountain, he is tricked into going to a reservation school.   Then from there, he escapes then returns and ends up being an aid for a sheepherder.   Within a short a period of time, he is taken in the hands of Red Dillon.

CHIEF EVENTS IN FRANKLINS LIFE :: essays research papers

Ending, as it does, with the year 1757, the autobiography leaves important facts un-recorded. It has seemed advisable, therefore, to detail the chief events in Franklin's life, from the beginning, in the following list: 1706 He is born, in Boston, and baptized in the Old South Church. 1714 At the age of eight, enters the Grammar School. 1716 Becomes his father's assistant in the tallow-chandlery business. 1718 Apprenticed to his brother James, printer. 5 1721 Writes ballads and peddles them, in printed form, in the streets; contributes, anonymously, to the "New England Courant," and temporarily edits that paper; becomes a free-thinker, and a vegetarian. 1723 Breaks his indenture and removes to Philadelphia; obtaining employment in Keimer's printing-office; abandons vegetarianism. 1724 Is persuaded by Governor Keith to establish himself independently, and goes to London to buy type; works at his trade there, and publishes "Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain." 1726 Returns to Philadelphia; after serving as clerk in a dry goods store, becomes manager of Keimer's printing-house. 1727 Founds the Junto, or "Leathern Apron" Club. 10 1728 With Hugh Meredith, opens a printing-office. 1729 Becomes proprietor and editor of the "Pennsylvania Gazette"; prints, anonymously, "Nature and Necessity of a Paper Currency"; opens a stationer's shop. 1730 Marries Rebecca Read. 1731 Founds the Philadelphia Library. 1732 Publishes the first number of "Poor Richard's Almanac" under the pseudonym of "Richard Saunders." The Almanac, which continued for twenty-five years to contain his witty, worldly-wise sayings, played a very large part in bringing together and molding the American character which was at that time made up of so many diverse and scattered types. 15 1738 Begins to study French, Italian, Spanish, and Latin. 1736 Chosen clerk of the General Assembly; forms the Union Fire Company of Philadelphia. 1737 Elected to the Assembly; appointed Deputy Postmaster-General; plans a city police. 1742 Invents the open, or "Franklin," stove. 1743 Proposes a plan for an Academy, which is adopted 1749 and develops into the University of Pennsylvania. 20 1744 Establishes the American Philosophical Society. 1746 Publishes a pamphlet, "Plain Truth," on the necessity for disciplined defense, and forms a military company; begins electrical experiments. 1748 Sells out his printing business; is appointed on the Commission of the Peace, chosen to the Common Council, and to the Assembly. 1749 Appointed a Commissioner to trade with the Indians. 1751 Aids in founding a hospital. 25 1752 Experiments with a kite and discovers that lightning is an electrical discharge. 1753 Awarded the Copley medal for this discovery, and elected a member of the Royal Society; receives the degree of M.

Control Leads to Destruction in Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos

Control Leads to Destruction in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, by Ken Kesey, is about patients and doctors in a mental institution.   The author talks a lot about what goes on in this institute.   The main points in this book deal with control, be it the character of McMurphy who is unable to handle control, or Nurse Ratched the head nurse on the ward whose job requires her to be in control. The world of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is dark; it is a place where control leads to destruction, but the novel shows through the character of The Chief that there is still hope if the people who are being controlled have the power to resist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nurse Ratched is a mean woman whose job revolves around control. She depends on people who are less fortunate than her to make a living. Her need to control others is an unfortunate trait that she has because it makes people unable to think for themselves and it also leads to destruction.   One example of this is when Nurse Ratched caught one of the patients (Billy Bibbit) with a woman.   The nurse feeling the need to control Billy threatened to tell his mother.   Billy begged Nurse Ratched not to tell her but when his requests were refused Billy slashed his neck with a broken bottle and killed himself.   Billy's life was destroyed because of Nurse Ratched's need to control others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another place that we see the dark world is when we examine the relationship between Nurse Ratched and R.P. McMurphy.  McMurphy is a happy and rebellious man.   He is not used to being controlled, so when he gets into the institution he refuses to be controlled by Nurse Ratche... ... at".   At the end of the novel when McMurphy is given a lobotomy, Chief realizes that he is not so safe.   Chief escapes from the institution and runs away to Canada.   Chief is a figure of hope in the novel he shows us that there is still a way out for those who are being controlled.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's nest shows us darkness, and it shows us a world where control leads to destruction.   It shows us lives destroyed, people who are so obsessed with control that they do not think of others even if their job requires them to do so.   However, it shows us hope.   Hope for those who are being controlled, hope for those who just can't take the harsh strict rules that are imposed upon them.   The world of One Flew Over the Cuckoos nest is like a dark grey cloud, a dark grey cloud with a silver lining.

Analysis of the Forge by Seamus Heaney Essay

The title of the poem means a blacksmith.The line presents a contrast between the dark, the older time period of his profession, and the outside, modern world, in which his profession is less visible and honored.The poem uses the image of a blacksmith and the nature of the profession. â€Å"Old axles and iron hoops† show that he has been doing this for years.The previous line describes how the older tools are outside, outdated and now unusable they are. In this line however it talks about how although the old and once trusted tools are no longer in use, work is continuing on in the blacksmith’s shop. Their work does not stop just as the times change and new equipment is developed.â€Å"The unpredictable fantail of sparks† describes how long the black smith has been working. Being a blacksmith, shifting metal has certain qualities. Such as when the sparks fly.He notices the sparks can symbolize how the sparks seem never ending there are too many of them. This coul d also be shown as his life in the blacksmith profession, Neverending and unpredictable.This line describes how when something new comes into the blacksmith shop it doesn’t fit in well. The change is not adapted to the shop.This line shows the image of putting a hot horseshoe in cold water, the steam rising up as the cool water hits the heated steel.Describing the ring of the anvil the hiss of the water. It uses sound to tell the reader in the environment and action he is in.The fact that the anvil has to be in the â€Å"centre† shows the importance that the blacksmith puts on the anvil. since he later refers to it as an â€Å"altar† it relates to the fact that he treats it religiously, its very important. The altar is place in the center so that it can be the center of everything in order to honor the item and give it worship.It is also described with the word â€Å"unicorn† gives the anvil a fantastical and mystical quality which also shows that the blacksmith relies on it very much. The anvil is like dark age of the man. It’s foreign to the rest of society.Also he is talking about the anvil and how it is a simple tool that is square wi th two horns on each end. There is nothing fancy or detailed, reflecting the past and how tools and other things were made for one purpose only and that was to get the job done nothing else. Many tools have numerous detailed parts to them. Yet here is this blacksmith who is stuck in his ways and refuses to move forward with the rest of the world and  stick to his old ways. However the blacksmith himself views his work, and calls the anvil an â€Å"altar† which supports how much he honours his work. Where he â€Å"expands himself in shape and music† shows how more focused on his anvil.The blacksmith sees his work as something that is highly valuable and you should people should respect him for that. Furthermore the profession of a Blacksmith is not nice and sweet . It is not about looking good while being at work, rather it is only about making a useful object for someone else.The â€Å"Sometimes† of this line shows that the job of a blacksmith is not in a suit and tie kind of job. There is no profession and no required uniform. He has been doing this job for such a long time, that he has lost the urge to look or dress a certain way. All of his customers have known him for a long time and know what all he does, so he has become comfortable with who he is and does not worry if there are â€Å"hairs in his nose. †Leaning† means he is maybe tired of doing his job and the effort he puts in is fading away. In this line the speaker shows his enjoyment of his work but as he is getting older doesn’t care as much. His references the â€Å"clatter of hoofs where traffic is flashing in rows† referring to a time when the street were his place of business and was not filled with cars, but with horses.This can be further informed on line five â€Å"Or the hiss when a new shoe toughens in water† This line also shows the speakers change and how the modern world finds him remarkably old. The blacksmith has seen his job as his main routine in hi s life working with the â€Å"bellows† and beating â€Å"real iron†.The poem ends in this image to show that a persons way of life is natural.

A Long Way Gone vs Blood Diamond Essay

A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier and the recent 2006 film Blood Diamond both depict how it was living in Sierra Leone, Africa during the Civil War in the ‘90’s. While A Long Way Gone focuses on child soldiers and what they had to live and go through for many years, Blood Diamond focuses mainly on how the country is torn apart by the struggle between government soldiers and rebel forces. The film portrays many of the atrocities of that war, including the rebels’ amputation of people’s hands to stop them from voting in upcoming elections. Both the movie and the book try to tackle major issues by asking the questions: how did the rebels and the government gain support, what is the price and impact of way on men, women, children and society. The question addressed by Blood Diamond and A Long Way Gone is that of how the rebels and the government gained the support of the people. This brings up the major issue of child soldiers in Africa, as it is an important topic in both the book and the movie. Blood Diamond and A Long Way Gone both explore this issue, but Blood Diamond shows boys soldiers on the side of the RUF while A Long Way Gone shows them on the side of the national army. Blood Diamond shows how the RUF recruited soldiers, especially young boys. The RUF gained support by force, attacking villages and enslaving the men and boys they captured. The film begins with the capture of Solomon Vandy, a Mende fisherman, by the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) rebels. Separated from his family, Solomon is enslaved to work in the diamond fields under the command of Captain Poison. The RUF use the diamonds to fund their war effort, often trading them directly for arms. Solomon’s son Dia Vandy is later captured by the RUF and forced to fight for them. They brainwash him by blindfolding him and making him kill people he does not know. They also tell him that he will be a hero of the revolution and he will get respect by killing people. His commander tells him that he can get whatever he wants, â€Å"guns, cd’s, food,† and he gives him drugs to help control him and make him think he will be â€Å"strong, invisible to his enemies. Bullets will bounce off him,† and to make him fearless in battle. It is with these techniques that the RUF gained support, by forcing people to become their soldiers and workers and killing any that opposed them. While Blood Diamond showed how the RUF gained support, A Long Way Gone showed how the government’s army gained support to fight the RUF. They gained followers by taking in men and boys displaced by the war and looking for a place to live and for safety. In A Long Way Gone, Ishmael Beah tells how his village was also attacked by the RUF and burnt to the ground, but he and several of his friends were not there at the time and were able to escape. He made his way to the village of Yele that was said to be occupied by the army and a safe haven from the RUF. He and his friends lived safely for a time, but the army suffered many loses from the rebels. The army explained that â€Å"in the forest there are men waiting to destroy all of our lives. Some of you are here because they killed your parents, others because this is a safe place to be. Well it is not that safe anymore. † They said that they needed strong men and boys to keep the village safe, and if they did not want to fight, they would get no food and not be allowed to stay in the village. Everyone knew leaving the village meant death at the hands of the rebels, so there was very little choice for Beah and his friends and they joined the army. The army inspired and motivated their young soldiers by reminding them that it was â€Å"their time to revenge the deaths of their families and to make sure more children did not lose their families,† and that that they were performing â€Å"the highest service they could perform for their country. † They also provided the boy soldiers with drugs like cocaine, brown brown (which was a mixture of cocaine and gun powder), and marijuana to control them and make them fearless in battle. Also, over time, the army did not have enough soldiers, so they began to attack villages for supplies to force men and boys to â€Å"fight for their country. Blood Diamond and A Long Way Gone both effectively showed how the rebels and the government gained support, and spread awareness of the issue of children soldiers in Africa. They painted a detailed picture of the horrible events that young men had to witness and participate in, and the struggles they faced during and after the civil war. The next question that both Blood Diamond and A Long Way Gone addresses is the price and impact of war on men, women, children, and society. I feel that both the movie and the book show similar aspects on how people and society are affected because of the war. Many young boys lost all of their family in the chaos of the shootings and had to fend for themselves for the remaining years of the war. Becoming child soldiers on both the government side and the rebels side made many of the boys very disturbed. A Long Way Gone describes horrific images abound; such as bullets sticking out of the back of a baby or 12 year old boys marching to the front, dragging their guns by the muzzle as they’re too small to carry them. What is worse is the sense that such horror becomes normalised by its commonality. During his time in the government army, Beah says he killed â€Å"too many people to count. † Which shows how disturbing it would be for a young child having to do such things. In Blood Diamond, Dia Vandy is captured by the rebels to fight for them. He is taught to fight aimlessly, shooting everything in his path. The rebels brainwashed him. When his father Solomon comes to his rescue, Dia at first acts like he doesn’t know who he is, he tells him to go away, he doesn’t want to be near him. Finally Solomon convinces his son to leave the rebels and run away with him. As for how the war impacted women and young girls, they were either shot and killed as they tried to get away or they were brought to a safe place working in the kitchen cooking food for the men. Blood Diamond and A Long Way Gone are both effective tools to tell the world about Sierra Leone and the issues in Africa. Both were able to educate the public about the start of the civil war through the exploitation of diamonds and the corruption of the government, as well as show everyone the awfulness of children soldiers. This book and movie, as well as several others and the work of dedicated people, have been able to tell the stories of Africa, spread awareness, and gain support to make a difference. Even though Blood diamond explains that for now Sierra Leone is at peace, there is still work to do. It urges consumers to insist that the diamonds they purchase are conflict free and reminds everyone that there are still 200,000 children soldiers in Africa. Overall, both are excellent at conveying their message and hopefully have helped make a difference in Africa.

Factors That Affect Enzyme Reaction Rate

Lab Report Factors That Affect Enzymes Reaction Rate Name of lab: Effects of temperature, pH, Enzyme Concentration, and Substrate Concentration on Enzymatic Activity Introduction: Enzymes are the most important types of proteins, they act as catalysis (speed up chemical reactions). If enzymes didn’t exist, biochemical reactions would act to slowly and they couldn’t keep up with the metabolic functions. Enzymes have a three-dimensional structure that is really complex. This structure consists of one or more polypeptide chains, they form an active site, which is an area in which the substrate eventually will fit.The four factors that affect the activity and reaction rate of an enzyme are temperature, pH, enzyme concentration and substrate concentration. Research Question/Hypothesis: The hypothesis is that when the temperature is higher than 40? C, the enzyme catalysis will increase. That the enzyme activity with the pH effect is that if it isn’t at the optimum pH v alue there will be a total loss of the enzyme activity. As the change in enzyme concentration increases the activity rate will increase if there is a proportional amount of enzyme concentration and substrate.Variables: Independent: pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration and enzymatic activity. Dependent: the reaction rate Control variable: temperature and amount of substrates and enzymes added. Materials: Phosphate Buffers Beaker Catechol Potato Juice Parafilm Test Tubes Procedure: To study the effect of temperature: 1. Three different test tubes where filled with 3mL of phosphate. 2. They were set in three different temperature settings. First tube was placed in an ice-water bath for ten minutes, the second in a room temperature until 21?C was reached, and the third tube was placed in a beaker of warm water. To study the effect of pH: 1. The pH values of pH 4, pH 6, pH 7, pH 8, and pH 10 was used to fill five separate test tubes with 3 mL each. 2. To each test tube, ten drops of catechol and potato juice were added, each tube was covered with Parafilm, and inverted several times to mix the contents. After letting each tube stand for three to five minutes the tubes were inverted at one minute intervals. To study the effect of enzyme concentration: 1.The steps include four test tubes that were labeled A, B, C, and D. 2. The contents added to tube A are 3mL plus 20 drops of pH 7 phosphate buffer, but no potato juice. To tube B, 3 mL plus 15 drops of pH 7 phosphate buffer and 15 drops of potato juice. The amount of pH 7 phosphate buffer added to test tube C are 3 mL plus 10 drops of potato juice. To test tube D, 3 mL of pH 7 phosphate buffer and 20 drops of potato juice were added. 3. Then, each tube was covered in Parafilm and inverted several times to mix the contents.After doing so, 10 drops of catechol were added to each tube and covered with Parafilm and inverted several times to mix the contents. 4. After allowing each tube to stand for three to four minutes the tubes were mixed at one-minute intervals. To study the effects of substrate concentration: 1. Eight test tubes that were involved. 2. These test tubes were labeled 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 48. Next, each test tube had a certain amount of phosphate buffer and catechol was added to each. 3.To test tube #1: 5 mL plus 47 drops of pH 7 phosphate buffer and 1 drop of catechol; test tube #2: 5 mL plus 46 drops of pH 7 phosphate buffer and 3 drops of catechol; test tube #4: 5 mL plus 44 drops of pH 7 phosphate buffer and 4 drops of catechol; test tube #8: 5 mL plus 40 drops of pH 7 phosphate buffer and 8 drops of catechol; test tube #16: 5 mL plus 32 drops of pH 7 phosphate buffer and 16 drops of catechol; test tube #24: 5 mL plus 24 drops of pH 7 phosphate buffer and 24 drops of catechol; test tube #32: 5 Ml plus 16 drops of pH 7 phosphate buffer and 32 drops of catechol; and test tube #48: 5 mL of pH 7 phosphate buffer and 48 drops of catechol. 4. Then, each tube was c overed with Parafilm and inverted several times to mix the contents. Also, to each of the tubes, 30 drops of potato juice were added and covered with Parafilm and inverted several times to mix the contents. The test tubes set at room temperature for five minutes and were mixed at one minute intervals.

Barack Obama Speech Analysis Essay

In the compelling Inauguration speech of Barack Obama, the first African-American President, a large range of language and oratory techniques are utilized to convey his message to an audience of over a million Americans. The speech was delivered on the traditional inauguration date of the 20th January 2009, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial where, 45 years earlier, Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his iconic ‘I Have a Dream’ speech. During Obama’s speech, he uses a range of oratory devices to present himself as credible, the techniques include; the proficient use of tone and performance aspects, extensive use of biblical references, allusion to history, and an important underlying theme. These techniques help to convey his strong message of hope and reapplying the good old American values of honesty, courage, tolerance and loyalty. On the 20th January 2009, democrat Barack Hussain Obama became the first African-American to take the presidential oath for America . He delivered his inauguration speech to an audience of over a million Americans, and at a time when the world’s economy had taken a downturn and America had a controversial presence in the Middle East. Americas history had been darkened by its racism and history of slavery and so the significance of this event was amplified as it showed a new acceptance and a positive step in American Civil Rights. Obama also delivered his inauguration speech on the steps of the Lincoln memorial where, 45 years earlier, Martin Luther King delivered his iconic ‘I Have a Dream’ speech. Congressman James Clyburn, the highest ranking African-American congressman of that time said about the event, â€Å"Today is about the validation of the dream Dr. King initiated 45 years ago on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial†, this shows the significance of the event, and put pressure on Obama to put on a show of strength. In Barack Obama’s Inauguration speech, it soon becomes obviou s that he is a seasoned orator who has a natural ability to persuade the audience’s emotions. His use of tone and pitch, amplified by his presentation, has a convincing effect on his delivery. In his opening sentences he says â€Å"I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you’ve bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices bourne by our ancestors.† In hearing this, the listener is struck by his humbleness and sense of humility. The tone urges caution which  contrasts with the celebratory mood of the audience. His choice to use words like humbled, grateful and mindful along with his natural charisma and charm, causes the audience to respect him and listen to what he has to say. To increase the desired effect of his speech on the audience, Obama repetidly uses an allusion to history, this also helps to strengthen the audiences confidence in him. His statement â€Å"all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness† is a clever twist on the Declaration of Independence, a founding document of America and something all Americans can relate to. He uses a patriotic appeal and asks for a â€Å"†¦return to these truths†, a return to the old and true American traits of â€Å"honesty and hard work, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patrionism†. The appeal effectively utilizes pathos, coupled with with allusion and historic references, to pursuade his audience to believe in him. During the delivery of his speech, Obama repeatidly alludes to biblical references, which acts not only as a useful language technique, but also shows a link to his background and heritage. In saying â€Å"the time has come to set aside childish things† (1 Corinthains 13:11), Obama exploits the ethos appeal and cleverly alludes to the refence, as his audience is not all christain and he did not want to offend them. This is yet more proof of his natural oratory ability and it also reflects on his African-American background, in which biblical references and hymns were used and widely known. These effects combined with the seamless delivery proves his incredible speaking ability and his charisma and charmwhich has helped him in his American dream, from being raised by a single mother, to becoming the first African-American president. Obama’s inauguration speech includes the interesting theme of ‘Drawing strength from out heroic past’. There are many references to history that Obama then applies to the current time. He took office at a troublesome time when the economic downturn was occurring and people were growing weary of the war on terror, so Obama cleverly addresses these issues with references to returning to the ideals of founding fathers, which raises a note of patrionism and brings the audience together. To help portray his theme, Obama includes extensive use of personal pronouns, for example â€Å"We the people have remained faithful to the ideals of our forebearers, and true to our founding documents†, he commends the audience for rem aining faithful to past ideals while using the  personal pronoun ‘we’, which deepens their confidence inhim and continues to draw the audience and speaker together. The speech effectively serves its purpose and addresses the issues of the day, while being strengthened with the use of personal pronouns, which has a constructive effect on the audience in view of getting the audience to believe in Obama, and accept what he is saying. The effectiveness of Barack Obama’s inauguration speech is complimented by his compelling use of oratory devices and techniques, including; the convincing effect of his tone and pitch, amplified by the presentation, the combined effect of allusion and historic references in making his appeals, an extensive use of biblical references which represents his heritage – and which are thoughtfully alluded to, as well as an underlying theme which helps Obama to elaborate on his message and address the issues of the day. These techniques are the cornerstone to gaining acceptance from the audience and persuading them to believe in what he is saying, and he also uses his charisma and charm in conjunction. The result is, a critically acclaimed speech which the NYTimes states as â€Å"Reveling in a moment of national significance† where Obama puts on a positive show of strength, rises to the occasion, and establishes himself as the 44th President of the United States of America.

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 9

Business Ethics - Essay Example A wrong action results in unhappiness in any or all affected by the case including the decision maker. Utilitarianism will give the argument that an unethical action will result in the pain or unhappiness to the decision maker or other parties involved in the action while a right action is aimed at ensuring all are happy and no one is pained by the decision. The strengths of utilitarianism include being simple and straightforward in decision-making through analyzing if any decision will result in unhappiness and pain and concluding that the action is unethical. Utilitarianism has ethical principles that are easily applicable in the society. Deontology: the decision on the ethicality of an action is based on the moral rules that guide certain actions in the society. Deontology considers a right action as one that follows the moral rules, and subjectivity is not allowed by the decision maker (Boylan, 2014). A wrong is one that goes against moral values and each person in the society consider the action morally wrong. Deontologists would give the argument that right motivations behind a certain action is moral and the decision maker should not consider the consequences of their action but the moral rules guiding the behavior on certain actions to determine their rightness or wrongness. Deontology’s strengths include considerations on friends, family, moral standing in the society, relatives, and all affected by the case. The other strength is that deontology allow better performance o one’s duties and accordance to moral obligation in the society. Ethical Intuitionism: this theory based on the use of intuition and intuitive awareness to realize moral beliefs that a person has to use these moral beliefs as a guide on wrongness and rightness of a course of action. Ethical intuitionists would argue that a choice must be based on the moral beliefs of a person on the rightness of the action. The strengths of ethical intuitionism include

Liability for an Employees Assaults Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Liability for an Employees Assaults - Case Study Example The discussion that follows explains why. Vicarious liability is a legal concept assigning responsibility to an employer for the negligence or prohibited conduct of an employee acting in the course of his duties at work. If the conduct is in no way connected to the employment the employer will not be held liable. There are several reasons for the doctrine of vicarious liability and Michael A. Jones offers perhaps the best synopsis. Jones explains that vicarious liability can be justified on the following grounds: "(1) The master has the 'deepest pockets'. The wealth of a defendant, or the fact that he has access to resources via insurance, has in some cases had an unconscious influence on the development of legal principles. The courts have established and developed a three tier test in order to determine whether or not the tortfeasor is an employee and his employer is vicariously liable for the conduct of his or her employee. The three tier tests are: "the control test"2, "the integral test"3and "the multiple test."4 The control test is satisfied if the employee is under the control of the employer. For instance if the employer can terminate the employee for failing to carry out the employer's instructions, the employee is under the control of the employer. ... likely to be considered an employee and if the employer is at liberty to hire the employee and to terminate his services he will in all likelihood be deemed an employee within the context of the control test.5 Margaret Simpson should have no difficulty establishing the control test for the purpose of having Tom deemed an employee of AFS. He himself stated that he was "only doing his job." Moreover in attempting to justify his conduct he stated that he was responding to comments about his poor performance made by his manager Sarah Harper. This statement is a manifestation of the control Tom's employers had over the manner in which he performed his duties. There were also previous talks about job losses and performance targets which would suggest that Tom was an employee under the control of AFS. By virtue of the integral test, if the employee forms an integral part of the business and is not merely incidental to the business then he will be deemed an employee.6 Tom Barnes is employed at AFS' headquarters in the position of product sales executive. AFS as a financial services business and selling its products can not in any way be viewed as merely incidental to the success of the business. Therefore it is fair to assume that Tom Barnes, a product sales executive is an integral part of the business. The multiple test is an amalgamation of the control and integral tests. In Ready Mix Concrete (South East) Ltd v Minister of Pensions (1968) 2 QB 497 it was held that the multiple test is satisfied and an employee is said to be under a contract of service if he is paid for his services, is under the control either expressly or implicitly of his employer and if there are other terms and conditions reflective with an employment contract.7 On the facts of the case for

Does the ever present popularity and cross over of 'ethnic crafts' and Essay

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Investigating the Ratio Between Poly-Vinyl Alcohol Essay Example for Free

Investigating the Ratio Between Poly-Vinyl Alcohol Essay Introduction: Poly-Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer that will be used as one element to form the well know bouncing ball, along with Sodium Borate (borax), which has a variety of uses because of its weak base. PVA is ideal for this experiment because it is odorless, nontoxic, has high tensile strength and flexibility. The binder characteristics of PVA offer excellent adhesion to porous, water-absorbent surfaces. A local manufacturer wants to find a material to create a simple toy: a bouncing ball. Research institutions collaborate with local manufacturers and provide professional assistance with their projects. In trying to create a bouncing ball, one must find the appropriate ratio of the two that forms a solid for which have the properties that a bouncing ball consist. It is important that we find the correct ratio so that it is perfect shape, texture, and saltation. The main property that we are testing for is the products bounciness. Figure 1: The reaction of PVA and borax. In the above illustration, two PVA molecules are shown being cross-linked by a hydrated borax molecule. Four molecules of water are also produced. Hypothesis: In this experiment, I predict that if more Poly-vinyl Alcohol over Sodium Borate, then the appropriate bouncing solid will be formed. Methods: With the supplied solutions of PVA and sodium borate, my group and I took 100 mL of each solution. We measured out different ratios repeatedly to find the appropriate ratio. Start with a happy medium of 10mL (PVA) and 20mL (Sodium Borate) and examined the results. The results are not accurate so you have to test the extremes and then examine which way to continue. In my experiment, more of PVA is needed and less of sodium borate is needed. Continue testing until you get closer and closer to an adequate ratio with a good solid product, which we can to the conclusion that 4:1 as well 7:1 worked as good ratios to further test. We tested the ratio by cooling one and heating the other. By cooling the product it was able to harden and somewhat stay in shape. On the other hand, by heating it it doesn’t keep its form thus unable to be bounced. So to harden the heated product follow the theory of heating (50Â °c) to then immediately cooling (12Â °c) the product; this helps to harden the product inside out thus allow the product to keep its shape as well as bounce like a true manufactured bouncy ball. Results: Ratios – table 1 Trial(s)| Amount of PVA| Amount of Sodium Borate| Ratio| Description| 1| 10 mL| 20 mL| 1:2| slimy| 2| 3 mL| 30 mL| 1:10| watery| 3| 30 mL| 3 mL| 10:1| play-dough| 4| 20 mL| 1 mL| 20:1| foamy| 5| 10 mL| 2 mL| 5:1| rubbery| 6| 8 mL| 2 mL| 4:1| slightly crumbly| -| 12 mL| 3 mL| 4:1**| harder/shaped| 7| 15 mL| 5 mL| 3:1| slimy/not keeping form| 8| 7 mL| 1 mL| 7:1| too slimy| -| 14 mL| 2 mL| 7:1**| harder/shaped| Note: ** multiple tests (heated, cooled, heated and cooled) Bouncing Height – table 2 Ratio| Iced (12Â °c)| Heated (50Â °c)| Heated then Cooled| 4:1| 8-10 cm| -| 30-32 cm| 7:1| 9-11 cm| -| 19-20 cm| pH 8 weakly alkaline Discussion: A local manufacturer wanted my team to find a suitable ratio to create the well-known toy, the bouncing ball. In efforts to do so, our TA supplied PVA, along with sodium borate, to the students. Each group could only acquire so much at a time. My group acquired 100 mL of both PVA and sodium borate. To start, we did a 1:2 ratio just as a test to see if it would solidify into a ball. As a result, it came out slimy so we tried to up the amount of sodium borate (1:10 ratio), which lead us to a more watery product. Since increasing the amount of borax lead us in the wrong direction, we increased PVA and lowered sodium borate to a 10:1 ratio. This ratio gave us a play-dough outcome, which was closer to what we needed. Decreasing the amount of solution to a 5:1 ratio, we moved even closer. The 5:1 was starting to feel rubbery. After seeing how close we were with the 5:1, we tried the 4:1. Our 4:1 and 7:1 were fairly similar and the closet to our projected outcome but it was not quite there yet. So, by heating and cooling each result gave us a somewhat reasonable result. The result of cooling our 7:1 product for 30 minutes was a harder but still lacked shape as well as the 4:1 product that was cooled for 30 minutes. The 7:1 result was able to bounce 9-11 cm in height while the 4:1 product was able to bounce to a similar height of 8-10 cm. Both products heated would not bounce or keep form, so we immediately put both on ice. As most people should know, with the rapid temperature (from hot to cold), it causes an object to harden from the inside out. So, with this theory in mind, after the heated products failed we placed them on ice and let it sit there and harden. The products hardened over a 15-minute time frame and we could clearly see the difference between these and the rest of our trials. The heated then cooled product for the 7:1 ratio could bounce to a height interval of 19-20 cm, while the product from the 4:1 ratio could bounce to a height interval of 30-32 cm. Ultimately, we have to accept the best product for the manufacturer to mass produce and market so that the most money can be made. From the data collected, the ratio 4:1 is the closest to form a perfect product (bouncy ball) simply because it bounced higher which meant it was harder as well as kept its shape. But, from this experiment, we can conclude that either just cooling the ratio or by heating then immediately cooling the ratio product creates an adequate bouncy ball that when dropped it bounces like a true bouncy ball. References: Experiment 2. Polymers:. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. http://matse1.matse.illinois.edu/polymers/e.html. Polyvinyl Alcohol. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Aug. 2012. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_alcohol. Borax. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Sept. 2012. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borax.