CHIEF EVENTS IN FRANKLINS LIFE :: essays research papers

Ending, as it does, with the year 1757, the autobiography leaves important facts un-recorded. It has seemed advisable, therefore, to detail the chief events in Franklin's life, from the beginning, in the following list: 1706 He is born, in Boston, and baptized in the Old South Church. 1714 At the age of eight, enters the Grammar School. 1716 Becomes his father's assistant in the tallow-chandlery business. 1718 Apprenticed to his brother James, printer. 5 1721 Writes ballads and peddles them, in printed form, in the streets; contributes, anonymously, to the "New England Courant," and temporarily edits that paper; becomes a free-thinker, and a vegetarian. 1723 Breaks his indenture and removes to Philadelphia; obtaining employment in Keimer's printing-office; abandons vegetarianism. 1724 Is persuaded by Governor Keith to establish himself independently, and goes to London to buy type; works at his trade there, and publishes "Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain." 1726 Returns to Philadelphia; after serving as clerk in a dry goods store, becomes manager of Keimer's printing-house. 1727 Founds the Junto, or "Leathern Apron" Club. 10 1728 With Hugh Meredith, opens a printing-office. 1729 Becomes proprietor and editor of the "Pennsylvania Gazette"; prints, anonymously, "Nature and Necessity of a Paper Currency"; opens a stationer's shop. 1730 Marries Rebecca Read. 1731 Founds the Philadelphia Library. 1732 Publishes the first number of "Poor Richard's Almanac" under the pseudonym of "Richard Saunders." The Almanac, which continued for twenty-five years to contain his witty, worldly-wise sayings, played a very large part in bringing together and molding the American character which was at that time made up of so many diverse and scattered types. 15 1738 Begins to study French, Italian, Spanish, and Latin. 1736 Chosen clerk of the General Assembly; forms the Union Fire Company of Philadelphia. 1737 Elected to the Assembly; appointed Deputy Postmaster-General; plans a city police. 1742 Invents the open, or "Franklin," stove. 1743 Proposes a plan for an Academy, which is adopted 1749 and develops into the University of Pennsylvania. 20 1744 Establishes the American Philosophical Society. 1746 Publishes a pamphlet, "Plain Truth," on the necessity for disciplined defense, and forms a military company; begins electrical experiments. 1748 Sells out his printing business; is appointed on the Commission of the Peace, chosen to the Common Council, and to the Assembly. 1749 Appointed a Commissioner to trade with the Indians. 1751 Aids in founding a hospital. 25 1752 Experiments with a kite and discovers that lightning is an electrical discharge. 1753 Awarded the Copley medal for this discovery, and elected a member of the Royal Society; receives the degree of M.

Control Leads to Destruction in Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos

Control Leads to Destruction in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, by Ken Kesey, is about patients and doctors in a mental institution.   The author talks a lot about what goes on in this institute.   The main points in this book deal with control, be it the character of McMurphy who is unable to handle control, or Nurse Ratched the head nurse on the ward whose job requires her to be in control. The world of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is dark; it is a place where control leads to destruction, but the novel shows through the character of The Chief that there is still hope if the people who are being controlled have the power to resist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nurse Ratched is a mean woman whose job revolves around control. She depends on people who are less fortunate than her to make a living. Her need to control others is an unfortunate trait that she has because it makes people unable to think for themselves and it also leads to destruction.   One example of this is when Nurse Ratched caught one of the patients (Billy Bibbit) with a woman.   The nurse feeling the need to control Billy threatened to tell his mother.   Billy begged Nurse Ratched not to tell her but when his requests were refused Billy slashed his neck with a broken bottle and killed himself.   Billy's life was destroyed because of Nurse Ratched's need to control others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another place that we see the dark world is when we examine the relationship between Nurse Ratched and R.P. McMurphy.  McMurphy is a happy and rebellious man.   He is not used to being controlled, so when he gets into the institution he refuses to be controlled by Nurse Ratche... ... at".   At the end of the novel when McMurphy is given a lobotomy, Chief realizes that he is not so safe.   Chief escapes from the institution and runs away to Canada.   Chief is a figure of hope in the novel he shows us that there is still a way out for those who are being controlled.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's nest shows us darkness, and it shows us a world where control leads to destruction.   It shows us lives destroyed, people who are so obsessed with control that they do not think of others even if their job requires them to do so.   However, it shows us hope.   Hope for those who are being controlled, hope for those who just can't take the harsh strict rules that are imposed upon them.   The world of One Flew Over the Cuckoos nest is like a dark grey cloud, a dark grey cloud with a silver lining.

Analysis of the Forge by Seamus Heaney Essay

The title of the poem means a blacksmith.The line presents a contrast between the dark, the older time period of his profession, and the outside, modern world, in which his profession is less visible and honored.The poem uses the image of a blacksmith and the nature of the profession. â€Å"Old axles and iron hoops† show that he has been doing this for years.The previous line describes how the older tools are outside, outdated and now unusable they are. In this line however it talks about how although the old and once trusted tools are no longer in use, work is continuing on in the blacksmith’s shop. Their work does not stop just as the times change and new equipment is developed.â€Å"The unpredictable fantail of sparks† describes how long the black smith has been working. Being a blacksmith, shifting metal has certain qualities. Such as when the sparks fly.He notices the sparks can symbolize how the sparks seem never ending there are too many of them. This coul d also be shown as his life in the blacksmith profession, Neverending and unpredictable.This line describes how when something new comes into the blacksmith shop it doesn’t fit in well. The change is not adapted to the shop.This line shows the image of putting a hot horseshoe in cold water, the steam rising up as the cool water hits the heated steel.Describing the ring of the anvil the hiss of the water. It uses sound to tell the reader in the environment and action he is in.The fact that the anvil has to be in the â€Å"centre† shows the importance that the blacksmith puts on the anvil. since he later refers to it as an â€Å"altar† it relates to the fact that he treats it religiously, its very important. The altar is place in the center so that it can be the center of everything in order to honor the item and give it worship.It is also described with the word â€Å"unicorn† gives the anvil a fantastical and mystical quality which also shows that the blacksmith relies on it very much. The anvil is like dark age of the man. It’s foreign to the rest of society.Also he is talking about the anvil and how it is a simple tool that is square wi th two horns on each end. There is nothing fancy or detailed, reflecting the past and how tools and other things were made for one purpose only and that was to get the job done nothing else. Many tools have numerous detailed parts to them. Yet here is this blacksmith who is stuck in his ways and refuses to move forward with the rest of the world and  stick to his old ways. However the blacksmith himself views his work, and calls the anvil an â€Å"altar† which supports how much he honours his work. Where he â€Å"expands himself in shape and music† shows how more focused on his anvil.The blacksmith sees his work as something that is highly valuable and you should people should respect him for that. Furthermore the profession of a Blacksmith is not nice and sweet . It is not about looking good while being at work, rather it is only about making a useful object for someone else.The â€Å"Sometimes† of this line shows that the job of a blacksmith is not in a suit and tie kind of job. There is no profession and no required uniform. He has been doing this job for such a long time, that he has lost the urge to look or dress a certain way. All of his customers have known him for a long time and know what all he does, so he has become comfortable with who he is and does not worry if there are â€Å"hairs in his nose. †Leaning† means he is maybe tired of doing his job and the effort he puts in is fading away. In this line the speaker shows his enjoyment of his work but as he is getting older doesn’t care as much. His references the â€Å"clatter of hoofs where traffic is flashing in rows† referring to a time when the street were his place of business and was not filled with cars, but with horses.This can be further informed on line five â€Å"Or the hiss when a new shoe toughens in water† This line also shows the speakers change and how the modern world finds him remarkably old. The blacksmith has seen his job as his main routine in hi s life working with the â€Å"bellows† and beating â€Å"real iron†.The poem ends in this image to show that a persons way of life is natural.

A Long Way Gone vs Blood Diamond Essay

A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier and the recent 2006 film Blood Diamond both depict how it was living in Sierra Leone, Africa during the Civil War in the ‘90’s. While A Long Way Gone focuses on child soldiers and what they had to live and go through for many years, Blood Diamond focuses mainly on how the country is torn apart by the struggle between government soldiers and rebel forces. The film portrays many of the atrocities of that war, including the rebels’ amputation of people’s hands to stop them from voting in upcoming elections. Both the movie and the book try to tackle major issues by asking the questions: how did the rebels and the government gain support, what is the price and impact of way on men, women, children and society. The question addressed by Blood Diamond and A Long Way Gone is that of how the rebels and the government gained the support of the people. This brings up the major issue of child soldiers in Africa, as it is an important topic in both the book and the movie. Blood Diamond and A Long Way Gone both explore this issue, but Blood Diamond shows boys soldiers on the side of the RUF while A Long Way Gone shows them on the side of the national army. Blood Diamond shows how the RUF recruited soldiers, especially young boys. The RUF gained support by force, attacking villages and enslaving the men and boys they captured. The film begins with the capture of Solomon Vandy, a Mende fisherman, by the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) rebels. Separated from his family, Solomon is enslaved to work in the diamond fields under the command of Captain Poison. The RUF use the diamonds to fund their war effort, often trading them directly for arms. Solomon’s son Dia Vandy is later captured by the RUF and forced to fight for them. They brainwash him by blindfolding him and making him kill people he does not know. They also tell him that he will be a hero of the revolution and he will get respect by killing people. His commander tells him that he can get whatever he wants, â€Å"guns, cd’s, food,† and he gives him drugs to help control him and make him think he will be â€Å"strong, invisible to his enemies. Bullets will bounce off him,† and to make him fearless in battle. It is with these techniques that the RUF gained support, by forcing people to become their soldiers and workers and killing any that opposed them. While Blood Diamond showed how the RUF gained support, A Long Way Gone showed how the government’s army gained support to fight the RUF. They gained followers by taking in men and boys displaced by the war and looking for a place to live and for safety. In A Long Way Gone, Ishmael Beah tells how his village was also attacked by the RUF and burnt to the ground, but he and several of his friends were not there at the time and were able to escape. He made his way to the village of Yele that was said to be occupied by the army and a safe haven from the RUF. He and his friends lived safely for a time, but the army suffered many loses from the rebels. The army explained that â€Å"in the forest there are men waiting to destroy all of our lives. Some of you are here because they killed your parents, others because this is a safe place to be. Well it is not that safe anymore. † They said that they needed strong men and boys to keep the village safe, and if they did not want to fight, they would get no food and not be allowed to stay in the village. Everyone knew leaving the village meant death at the hands of the rebels, so there was very little choice for Beah and his friends and they joined the army. The army inspired and motivated their young soldiers by reminding them that it was â€Å"their time to revenge the deaths of their families and to make sure more children did not lose their families,† and that that they were performing â€Å"the highest service they could perform for their country. † They also provided the boy soldiers with drugs like cocaine, brown brown (which was a mixture of cocaine and gun powder), and marijuana to control them and make them fearless in battle. Also, over time, the army did not have enough soldiers, so they began to attack villages for supplies to force men and boys to â€Å"fight for their country. Blood Diamond and A Long Way Gone both effectively showed how the rebels and the government gained support, and spread awareness of the issue of children soldiers in Africa. They painted a detailed picture of the horrible events that young men had to witness and participate in, and the struggles they faced during and after the civil war. The next question that both Blood Diamond and A Long Way Gone addresses is the price and impact of war on men, women, children, and society. I feel that both the movie and the book show similar aspects on how people and society are affected because of the war. Many young boys lost all of their family in the chaos of the shootings and had to fend for themselves for the remaining years of the war. Becoming child soldiers on both the government side and the rebels side made many of the boys very disturbed. A Long Way Gone describes horrific images abound; such as bullets sticking out of the back of a baby or 12 year old boys marching to the front, dragging their guns by the muzzle as they’re too small to carry them. What is worse is the sense that such horror becomes normalised by its commonality. During his time in the government army, Beah says he killed â€Å"too many people to count. † Which shows how disturbing it would be for a young child having to do such things. In Blood Diamond, Dia Vandy is captured by the rebels to fight for them. He is taught to fight aimlessly, shooting everything in his path. The rebels brainwashed him. When his father Solomon comes to his rescue, Dia at first acts like he doesn’t know who he is, he tells him to go away, he doesn’t want to be near him. Finally Solomon convinces his son to leave the rebels and run away with him. As for how the war impacted women and young girls, they were either shot and killed as they tried to get away or they were brought to a safe place working in the kitchen cooking food for the men. Blood Diamond and A Long Way Gone are both effective tools to tell the world about Sierra Leone and the issues in Africa. Both were able to educate the public about the start of the civil war through the exploitation of diamonds and the corruption of the government, as well as show everyone the awfulness of children soldiers. This book and movie, as well as several others and the work of dedicated people, have been able to tell the stories of Africa, spread awareness, and gain support to make a difference. Even though Blood diamond explains that for now Sierra Leone is at peace, there is still work to do. It urges consumers to insist that the diamonds they purchase are conflict free and reminds everyone that there are still 200,000 children soldiers in Africa. Overall, both are excellent at conveying their message and hopefully have helped make a difference in Africa.

Factors That Affect Enzyme Reaction Rate

Lab Report Factors That Affect Enzymes Reaction Rate Name of lab: Effects of temperature, pH, Enzyme Concentration, and Substrate Concentration on Enzymatic Activity Introduction: Enzymes are the most important types of proteins, they act as catalysis (speed up chemical reactions). If enzymes didn’t exist, biochemical reactions would act to slowly and they couldn’t keep up with the metabolic functions. Enzymes have a three-dimensional structure that is really complex. This structure consists of one or more polypeptide chains, they form an active site, which is an area in which the substrate eventually will fit.The four factors that affect the activity and reaction rate of an enzyme are temperature, pH, enzyme concentration and substrate concentration. Research Question/Hypothesis: The hypothesis is that when the temperature is higher than 40? C, the enzyme catalysis will increase. That the enzyme activity with the pH effect is that if it isn’t at the optimum pH v alue there will be a total loss of the enzyme activity. As the change in enzyme concentration increases the activity rate will increase if there is a proportional amount of enzyme concentration and substrate.Variables: Independent: pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration and enzymatic activity. Dependent: the reaction rate Control variable: temperature and amount of substrates and enzymes added. Materials: Phosphate Buffers Beaker Catechol Potato Juice Parafilm Test Tubes Procedure: To study the effect of temperature: 1. Three different test tubes where filled with 3mL of phosphate. 2. They were set in three different temperature settings. First tube was placed in an ice-water bath for ten minutes, the second in a room temperature until 21?C was reached, and the third tube was placed in a beaker of warm water. To study the effect of pH: 1. The pH values of pH 4, pH 6, pH 7, pH 8, and pH 10 was used to fill five separate test tubes with 3 mL each. 2. To each test tube, ten drops of catechol and potato juice were added, each tube was covered with Parafilm, and inverted several times to mix the contents. After letting each tube stand for three to five minutes the tubes were inverted at one minute intervals. To study the effect of enzyme concentration: 1.The steps include four test tubes that were labeled A, B, C, and D. 2. The contents added to tube A are 3mL plus 20 drops of pH 7 phosphate buffer, but no potato juice. To tube B, 3 mL plus 15 drops of pH 7 phosphate buffer and 15 drops of potato juice. The amount of pH 7 phosphate buffer added to test tube C are 3 mL plus 10 drops of potato juice. To test tube D, 3 mL of pH 7 phosphate buffer and 20 drops of potato juice were added. 3. Then, each tube was covered in Parafilm and inverted several times to mix the contents.After doing so, 10 drops of catechol were added to each tube and covered with Parafilm and inverted several times to mix the contents. 4. After allowing each tube to stand for three to four minutes the tubes were mixed at one-minute intervals. To study the effects of substrate concentration: 1. Eight test tubes that were involved. 2. These test tubes were labeled 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 48. Next, each test tube had a certain amount of phosphate buffer and catechol was added to each. 3.To test tube #1: 5 mL plus 47 drops of pH 7 phosphate buffer and 1 drop of catechol; test tube #2: 5 mL plus 46 drops of pH 7 phosphate buffer and 3 drops of catechol; test tube #4: 5 mL plus 44 drops of pH 7 phosphate buffer and 4 drops of catechol; test tube #8: 5 mL plus 40 drops of pH 7 phosphate buffer and 8 drops of catechol; test tube #16: 5 mL plus 32 drops of pH 7 phosphate buffer and 16 drops of catechol; test tube #24: 5 mL plus 24 drops of pH 7 phosphate buffer and 24 drops of catechol; test tube #32: 5 Ml plus 16 drops of pH 7 phosphate buffer and 32 drops of catechol; and test tube #48: 5 mL of pH 7 phosphate buffer and 48 drops of catechol. 4. Then, each tube was c overed with Parafilm and inverted several times to mix the contents. Also, to each of the tubes, 30 drops of potato juice were added and covered with Parafilm and inverted several times to mix the contents. The test tubes set at room temperature for five minutes and were mixed at one minute intervals.

Barack Obama Speech Analysis Essay

In the compelling Inauguration speech of Barack Obama, the first African-American President, a large range of language and oratory techniques are utilized to convey his message to an audience of over a million Americans. The speech was delivered on the traditional inauguration date of the 20th January 2009, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial where, 45 years earlier, Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his iconic ‘I Have a Dream’ speech. During Obama’s speech, he uses a range of oratory devices to present himself as credible, the techniques include; the proficient use of tone and performance aspects, extensive use of biblical references, allusion to history, and an important underlying theme. These techniques help to convey his strong message of hope and reapplying the good old American values of honesty, courage, tolerance and loyalty. On the 20th January 2009, democrat Barack Hussain Obama became the first African-American to take the presidential oath for America . He delivered his inauguration speech to an audience of over a million Americans, and at a time when the world’s economy had taken a downturn and America had a controversial presence in the Middle East. Americas history had been darkened by its racism and history of slavery and so the significance of this event was amplified as it showed a new acceptance and a positive step in American Civil Rights. Obama also delivered his inauguration speech on the steps of the Lincoln memorial where, 45 years earlier, Martin Luther King delivered his iconic ‘I Have a Dream’ speech. Congressman James Clyburn, the highest ranking African-American congressman of that time said about the event, â€Å"Today is about the validation of the dream Dr. King initiated 45 years ago on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial†, this shows the significance of the event, and put pressure on Obama to put on a show of strength. In Barack Obama’s Inauguration speech, it soon becomes obviou s that he is a seasoned orator who has a natural ability to persuade the audience’s emotions. His use of tone and pitch, amplified by his presentation, has a convincing effect on his delivery. In his opening sentences he says â€Å"I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you’ve bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices bourne by our ancestors.† In hearing this, the listener is struck by his humbleness and sense of humility. The tone urges caution which  contrasts with the celebratory mood of the audience. His choice to use words like humbled, grateful and mindful along with his natural charisma and charm, causes the audience to respect him and listen to what he has to say. To increase the desired effect of his speech on the audience, Obama repetidly uses an allusion to history, this also helps to strengthen the audiences confidence in him. His statement â€Å"all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness† is a clever twist on the Declaration of Independence, a founding document of America and something all Americans can relate to. He uses a patriotic appeal and asks for a â€Å"†¦return to these truths†, a return to the old and true American traits of â€Å"honesty and hard work, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patrionism†. The appeal effectively utilizes pathos, coupled with with allusion and historic references, to pursuade his audience to believe in him. During the delivery of his speech, Obama repeatidly alludes to biblical references, which acts not only as a useful language technique, but also shows a link to his background and heritage. In saying â€Å"the time has come to set aside childish things† (1 Corinthains 13:11), Obama exploits the ethos appeal and cleverly alludes to the refence, as his audience is not all christain and he did not want to offend them. This is yet more proof of his natural oratory ability and it also reflects on his African-American background, in which biblical references and hymns were used and widely known. These effects combined with the seamless delivery proves his incredible speaking ability and his charisma and charmwhich has helped him in his American dream, from being raised by a single mother, to becoming the first African-American president. Obama’s inauguration speech includes the interesting theme of ‘Drawing strength from out heroic past’. There are many references to history that Obama then applies to the current time. He took office at a troublesome time when the economic downturn was occurring and people were growing weary of the war on terror, so Obama cleverly addresses these issues with references to returning to the ideals of founding fathers, which raises a note of patrionism and brings the audience together. To help portray his theme, Obama includes extensive use of personal pronouns, for example â€Å"We the people have remained faithful to the ideals of our forebearers, and true to our founding documents†, he commends the audience for rem aining faithful to past ideals while using the  personal pronoun ‘we’, which deepens their confidence inhim and continues to draw the audience and speaker together. The speech effectively serves its purpose and addresses the issues of the day, while being strengthened with the use of personal pronouns, which has a constructive effect on the audience in view of getting the audience to believe in Obama, and accept what he is saying. The effectiveness of Barack Obama’s inauguration speech is complimented by his compelling use of oratory devices and techniques, including; the convincing effect of his tone and pitch, amplified by the presentation, the combined effect of allusion and historic references in making his appeals, an extensive use of biblical references which represents his heritage – and which are thoughtfully alluded to, as well as an underlying theme which helps Obama to elaborate on his message and address the issues of the day. These techniques are the cornerstone to gaining acceptance from the audience and persuading them to believe in what he is saying, and he also uses his charisma and charm in conjunction. The result is, a critically acclaimed speech which the NYTimes states as â€Å"Reveling in a moment of national significance† where Obama puts on a positive show of strength, rises to the occasion, and establishes himself as the 44th President of the United States of America.

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 9

Business Ethics - Essay Example A wrong action results in unhappiness in any or all affected by the case including the decision maker. Utilitarianism will give the argument that an unethical action will result in the pain or unhappiness to the decision maker or other parties involved in the action while a right action is aimed at ensuring all are happy and no one is pained by the decision. The strengths of utilitarianism include being simple and straightforward in decision-making through analyzing if any decision will result in unhappiness and pain and concluding that the action is unethical. Utilitarianism has ethical principles that are easily applicable in the society. Deontology: the decision on the ethicality of an action is based on the moral rules that guide certain actions in the society. Deontology considers a right action as one that follows the moral rules, and subjectivity is not allowed by the decision maker (Boylan, 2014). A wrong is one that goes against moral values and each person in the society consider the action morally wrong. Deontologists would give the argument that right motivations behind a certain action is moral and the decision maker should not consider the consequences of their action but the moral rules guiding the behavior on certain actions to determine their rightness or wrongness. Deontology’s strengths include considerations on friends, family, moral standing in the society, relatives, and all affected by the case. The other strength is that deontology allow better performance o one’s duties and accordance to moral obligation in the society. Ethical Intuitionism: this theory based on the use of intuition and intuitive awareness to realize moral beliefs that a person has to use these moral beliefs as a guide on wrongness and rightness of a course of action. Ethical intuitionists would argue that a choice must be based on the moral beliefs of a person on the rightness of the action. The strengths of ethical intuitionism include